Excluding sparse and controversial evidence in the Middle Paleolithic (300,000–50,000 years ago), religion emerged with certainty in the Upper Paleolithic around 50,000 years ago. The cognitive capacity for religion likely first emerged in Homo sapiens sapiens, or anatomically modern humans, although some scholars posit the existence of Neanderthal religion and sparse evidence exists for earlier ritual practice. Prehistoric cultures spanned the globe and existed for over two and a half million years their religious practices were many and varied, and the study of them is difficult due to the lack of written records describing the details of their faiths. Prehistory, the period before written records, makes up the bulk of human experience over 99% of human history occurred during the Paleolithic alone. Prehistoric religion is the religious practice of prehistoric cultures.
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